6/24/2023 0 Comments Fityk diameter![]() Human lenses express twelve primary crystalline gene products and two truncated forms –. To attain transparency, the lens underwent a series of evolutionary adaptations that include the elimination of blood vessels from its interior and the accumulation of massive quantities (600–800 mg/ml) of a heterogeneous group of small molecular weight (20–30 kDa) proteins, called crystallines, in the cytoplasm of highly elongated fiber cells –. It thus seems likely that lost or gain of long-range order determines the 3D-structure of the fiber cell and possible also cataract formation. We found that αA-crystalline monomers spaced ∼7 nm or αA-crystalline dimers spaced ∼15 nm center-to-center apart decorated thin filaments of the lens cytoskeleton. Independent of their diameters, tethers of 14–17 nm in length connected files of gold particles to thin filaments or clusters to ∼15 nm diameter “beads.” We used the information gathered from tomograms of labeled lenses to determine the distribution of the αA-crystalline in unlabeled lenses. A Gaussian distribution centered at ∼14 nm fitted the Euclidian distances between the smaller and the larger gold particles and another Gaussian at 21–24 nm the distances between the larger particles. A Gaussian distribution centered at ∼7.5 nm fitted the distances between the ∼3 nm diameter gold conjugates. Analysis of tomograms calculated from lenses labeled with anti-αA-crystalline and gold particles (∼3 nm and ∼7 nm diameter) revealed geometric patterns shaped as lines, isosceles triangles and polyhedrons. Using novel methods based on conical tomography and labeling with antibody/gold conjugates, we have profiled the 3D-distribution of the αA-crystalline in rat lenses at ∼2 nm resolutions and three-dimensions. Despite numerous studies, major unanswered questions are how this heterogeneous group of proteins becomes organized to bestow the lens with its unique optical properties and how it changes during cataract formation. To summarize, Fityk is a comprehensive and efficient application that is meant to help users perform nonlinear data fitting using as a basis the results of experiments from numerous fields of scientific activity.Lens transparency depends on the accumulation of massive quantities (600–800 mg/ml) of twelve primary crystallines and two truncated crystallines in highly elongated “fiber” cells. The tool allows users to exclude inactivate points from fitting operations and work with several datasets simultaneously. ![]() Moreover, Fityk enables users to perform 'Power Diffraction Analysis' using 'X-Ray' or 'Neutron' radiation and various wavelengths ('Cu', 'Ag', 'Mo','Fe', etc). The utility allows users to execute a script, use data point 'Transformations' or adjust the preferred 'Functions', with the possibility of choosing between a wide range of options, such as 'Quadratic', 'Cubic', 'Gaussian', 'Lorentzian', 'EMG', 'Polyline', 'ExpDecay', 'Voigt', 'Spline', 'DoniachSunjic' and many more, while also letting users create their own. Users can work in 'Data Range', 'Add Peak' or 'Baseline' mode, according to their needs. The interface of Fityk is quite easy to understand, offering a toolbar for quick access to the most commonly used functions, as well as a menu bar, a main plot and a right-size panel where certain values can be edited.įityk provides users with several fitting methods, namely 'Levenberg – Marquardt', 'Nelder - Mead Simplex' and 'Genetic Algorithm', which can be of use in multiple analysis. These require a bit of documentation before being able to work with them properly, as such it is less approachable for novice users, though the more advanced can certainly appreciate its complexity. The program is fairly simple to work with, requiring minimal levels of knowledge or experience with similar tools, yet it features a set of rather complex functions. It is aimed at experimental data resulted from a variety of domains, like chromatography, spectroscopy, crystallography and many others. Fityk is an advanced and reliable software solution whose main purpose is to assist users in fitting data to nonlinear functions.
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